ODXA When and Where to Listen

ONTARIO DX
ASSOCIATION

Unlike medium wave stations, you can DX shortwave 24 hours a day. However, the hours of darkness still offer the best time for shortwave DXing. This is because of improved propagation conditions on the lower frequencies, reduced atmospheric noise, and because shortwave broadcasters like to concentrate on the local evening hours for their primary audience. So first let's look at how shortwave stations tell time.

What Time is It?

Because shortwave stations can broadcast from anywhere in the world it becomes too confusing if everyone uses local time. Instead, a common time called Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is used. This time is somewhat based on the standard time of London, England also known as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Although UTC is a more modern term many broadcasters still refer to GMT.

In the eastern time zone, you add 5 hours^* to EST (Eastern Standard Time) to get UTC. So if it is 12 noon locally, then the time is 1700 UTC. Here is a table of some times that might help to sort out UTC.

EST	24 Hour	Date	UTC	UTC Date
8:00 AM	0800	April 1	1300	April 1
12:00 AM	1200	April 1	1700	April 1
6:00 PM	1800	April 1	2300	April 1
7:00 PM	1900	April 1	0000	April 2
9:00 PM	2100	April 1	0100	April 2

Figure 1. Universal Time Coordinated (UTC).

This might seem a little confusing at first but it will soon seem natural. If you set a clock to UTC, or better yet, get a 24 hour clock, then you won't need to do the conversion each time you read the time.

^*Unlike local time UTC does not change when we change to or from daylight saving time. But when we go from EST to EDT (or daylight saving time) then the difference between Eastern time and UTC is only 4 hours. So 9:00 PM (2100) EDT on July 4 is 0100 UTC on July 5.

Where are the Shortwave Bands?

Shortwave bands are located in the 2000 kHz to 30000 kHz (2-30 MHz) range of frequencies. But not all of these frequencies are used by international broadcasters. Instead most broadcasts are restricted to segments of this range called meter bands. Some meter bands are more widely used than others and some exhibit better conditions during the daytime while others are better at night. Here are the major bands used for shortwave broadcasts.

Meter Band	Frequency (kHz)	Reception
120	2300-2500	Infrequent reception
90	3200-3400	Winter nights
75	3900-4000	Winter nights
60	4750-5060	Tropical stations, winter nights
49	5900-6200	Best at night
41	7100-7350	Best at night
31	9400-10000	Best at night, some day
25	11600-12160	Best at night, some day
22	13570-13870	Best day, some night
19	15100-15800	Best day, some night
16	17500-17900	Best day, some night
15	18900-19020	Best day
13	21450-21750	Best day
11	25600-26100	Best day

Figure 2. Frequencies for Shortwave Listening.

One way to listen to shortwave is to just tune around the band of your choice and look for what's on. A better way is to have a guide to broadcasters and frequencies. See the section Shortwave Listener's Resources for a list of publications and web sites where you can get current information about shortwave broadcasts. In the section Major English Language Broadcasters we will look at some of the easier catches on the shortwave bands to help you get started.